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A
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C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
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M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
C
- C, 1, 2, 6
- C++, 1, 2, 6
- Caesar, Julius, 352
- caller
- of a statement expression, term definition, 204
- canRead method
- of class
File, 755
- canWrite method
- of class
File, 756
- capacity method
- of class
StringBuffer, 551 - of class
Vector, 658
- capacityIncrement field
- of class
Vector, 655
- carriage return (CR)
- escape sequence, 27
- handling in a
- character literal, 24
- string literal, 25
- as a line terminator, not input character, 14
- casting
- See also conversion
boolean, 37ClassCastException class, 611- conversion context, 53
- specification, 67
- floating-pointing types, 33
- integral types, 33
- reference types, 67
- run-time testing, 303
- standard exceptions,
ClassCastException, 209 - to
void, not permitted, 272
catch clause, 290
catch clause
- See also control flow;
try statement - exception handling role of, 204
- exception idiom defined with, 211
- ceil method
- of class
Math, 524
- Cervantes, Miguel de, 67
- characters
- See also
Character class; numbers; primitive types; strings - array of, distinguished from strings, 199
char type, 30
- See also integral types; numbers; primitive types
- value range, 31
Character class, 471charValue method, of class Character, 474- line terminators, 25
- literals
- escape sequences for, 26
- term definition and specification, 24
- Unicode character set
- composite, contrasted with the Unicode decomposed characters, 18
- handling in package names, 117
- lexical grammar use as terminal symbols, 7
- relationship to ASCII, 11
- charAt method
- of class
String, 536 - of class
StringBuffer, 551
- Chase, Lincoln, 111
- Chaucer, Geoffrey
- Canterbury Tales, 521
- Troilus and Creseide, 528
- checking
- See also exceptions, checked; throw
checkAccept method, of class SecurityManager, 577checkAccess method
- of class
SecurityManager, 572 - of class
Thread, 594 - of class
ThreadGroup, 605
checkConnect method, of class SecurityManager, 576checkCreateClassLoader method, of class SecurityManager, 572checkDelete method, of class SecurityManager, 576checkError method, of class PrintStream, 739
- checking
checkExec method, of class SecurityManager, 573checkExit method, of class SecurityManager, 573checkLink method, of class SecurityManager, 574checkListen method, of class SecurityManager, 577checkPropertiesAccess method, of class SecurityManager, 574checkPropertyAccess method, of class SecurityManager, 574checkRead method, of class SecurityManager, 575checkSetFactory method, of class SecurityManager, 577checkTopLevelWindow method, of class SecurityManager, 578checkWrite method, of class SecurityManager, 575- for exception handlers, at compile-time, 203
- checkPackageAccess method
- of class
SecurityManager, 578
- checkPackageDefinition method
- of class
SecurityManager, 578
- Christie, Agatha
- hand-writing experts, 325
- no method, 465
- Poirot's abrupt departure, 264
- testing a statement, 273
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 528
- circular declaration
- See also forward reference
ClassCircularityError class, 611- of interfaces, compile-time error caused by, 185
- of subclasses, compile-time error caused by, 134
- of types, in different compilation units, legality of, 118
- class(es)
- See also fields; inheritance; interfaces; methods; packages; subclasses; superclasses; superinterfaces
abstract, 131
- as array component types, 194
- binary compatibility considerations, 242
- declaration of, 131
- overriding
abstract methods in, 158 - uses, 132
- accessibility, 99
- binary compatibility considerations, 242
- class(es)
- binary representation
- binary file format requirements, 240
- verification of, 220
- body
- declarations, binary compatibility considerations, 245
- term definition and declarations in, 138
Class class, 466class file format, binary file format use of, 238Class objects, associated with arrays, 199, 49.class suffix, as name for compiled files, 116ClassCastException class, 611ClassCircularityError class, 611classDepth method, of class SecurityManager, 571ClassFormatError class, 611ClassLoader class, 558classLoaderDepth method, of class SecurityManager, 572ClassNotFoundException class, 611- constructors, binary compatibility considerations, 253
- declarations, 128
- (chapter), 127
- LALR(1) grammar productions, 443
- specifying direct superclasses in, 133
- specifying direct superinterfaces in, 135
- term definition, 128
- as declared entity, 78
- exception
Error, 203, 211Exception, 203, 208RuntimeException, 203, 208Throwable, 201, 202, 208, 463
- fields, see fields, class
final
- binary compatibility considerations, 242
- declaration of, 133
- finalization of, 235
- inaccessible, accessing members of, example, 142
IncompatibleClassChangeError class, 611- initialization, 223
- detailed procedure, 225
- example, 217
- standard exceptions,
ExceptionInitializerError, 212
- instances, see instance(s)
- class(es)
- instantiation, preventing, 180
- linking
- at virtual machine startup, 216
- initialization, 212, 223, 225
- preparation, 212, 221, 226
- process description, 220
- resolution, 216
- loading, 218
- at virtual machine startup, 216
- process description, 29
- standard errors
ClassCircularityError, 219ClassFormatError, 219NoClassDefFoundError, 219
- members, 86
- declarations, 138
- binary compatibility considerations, 245
- methods
- class, 160
- interface, 169
- non-
static, 160 static, 160
- names
- fully qualified, 105
- scope of, 130
- naming conventions, 108
NoClassDefFoundError class, 611- non-
public, in example of qualified names and access control, 101 - objects have, while variables have types, 47
- as package members, 85
- preparation, 221
- at virtual machine startup, 216
- standard exceptions,
AbstractMethodError, 212
- preventing instantiation of, 132
public
- access control in, 99
- binary compatibility considerations, 243
- in example of qualified names and access control, 101
- references to, binary file format requirements, 239
- resolution
- at virtual machine startup, 216
- process description, 221
- standard exceptions
IllegalAccessError, 221IncompatibleClassChangeError, 221InstantiationError, 222
- class(es)
- resolution
- standard exceptions
NoSuchFieldError, 222NoSucMethodError, 222
- scope of, 81
- standard, see standard classes
- standard exceptions
ClassCastException, 209, 69ClassNotFoundException, 210, 468, 559, 560Error, 208Exception, 208RuntimeException, 208Throwable, 208
- static initializers, 175
- binary compatibility considerations, 259
- type declarations, as members of packages, 124
- unloading of, 235
- variables
- default values, 46
- specification, 145, 44
- verification
- at virtual machine startup, 216
- standard exceptions,
VerifyError, 212
- classification
- reclassification of contextually ambiguous names, 91
- syntactic, of a name according to context, 90
- clear method
- of class
BitSet, 620 - of class
Hashtable, 638
- clearChanged method
- of class
Observable, 644
- cloning
clone method
- of class
BitSet, 620 - of class
Hashtable, 636 - of class
Object, 460 - of class
Vector, 656
Cloneable interface, 465CloneNotSupportedException class, 611
- CLOS (Common Lisp Object System), 4
- close method
- of class
FileInputStream, 686 - of class
FileOutputStream, 723 - of class
FilterInputStream, 697 - of class
FilterOutputStream, 731 - of class
InputStream, 682 - of class
OutputStream, 721 - of class
PipedInputStream, 688 - of class
PipedOutputStream, 726
- close method
- of class
PrintStream, 739 - of class
RandomAccessFile, 746 - of class
SequenceInputStream, 695
- code generation
- See also binary, compatibility; compile-time errors; exceptions; optimization
- asynchronous exceptions, implications for, 205
- initialization, implications for, 227
- linking, implications for, 222
- loading, implications for, 219
- symbolic reference resolution implications of, 222
- comments
commentChar method, of class StreamTokenizer, 716- documentation, (chapter), 419
- term definition and specification, 15
- Common Lisp, 4, 6
- compareTo method
- of class
String, 538
- compatibility
- binary, see binary, compatibility
- compilation
- See also compile-time errors; exceptions; virtual machine
- CompilationUnit goal symbol, syntactic grammar use, 8
- conditional
- binary compatibility considerations, 251
if statement reachability handling to support, 298
- exception handlers checked for during, 203
- unit
- components, package declarations, 118
- importing types into, 120
- term definition and characteristics, 117
- compile-time errors, 1
- See also binary, compatibility; errors; exceptions
completion, 264
- completion
- See also control flow; exceptions
- abrupt
break statement, 283continue statement, 285- during expression evaluation, 304
for statement, 282- labeled statements, 272
- reasons for, 264, 304
return statement, 287synchronized statement, 289throw statement, 288
- completion
- abrupt
try statement, 290try-catch statement, 292try-catch-finally statement, 293
- normal
- during expression evaluation, 304
- during statement execution, 264
- component(s)
- See arrays, components
- type, arrays, 194
- concat method
- of class
String, 544
- concurrency, 309
- See also synchronization; threads
- conflicts
- name
- See also hiding; scope
- avoiding through use of syntactic context, 89
- connect method
- of class
PipedInputStream, 687 - of class
PipedOutputStream, 725
- Conner, Michael, 237
- constants
- See also fields, class,
final; fields, interface; literals - characteristics and binary compatibility considerations, 251
- compile-time narrowing of
- by assignment conversion, implications, 61
- not permitted by method invocation conversion, 66
- expressions, 381
- in string literals, 26
- field
- binary compatibility considerations, 251
- term specification, 251
- named, see fields, class,
final - primitive
- binary compatibility considerations, 251
- term definition, 251
- constructors
- See also class(es); execution; initialization; interfaces; methods
- access, 99
- binary compatibility considerations, 248
- control
- default, example, 102
private, example, 105protected, example, 104public, example, 103
- constructors
- access
- hidden fields,
this keyword use for, 269
- body, 178
- binary compatibility considerations, 257
- as components of a class body, 138
- declarations, 176
- binary compatibility considerations, 253
- LALR(1) grammar productions, 445
- default, 180
- deleting, binary compatibility considerations, 246
- invocation, during instance creation, 228
- as not members of a class, 86
- modifiers, 177
- names of, 176, 79
- overloading, 180
- binary compatibility considerations, 257
- parameters, 177
- See also arguments
- assignment during instance creation, 228
- binary compatibility considerations, 254
- scope, 82
- specification, 177, 45
private, preventing instantiation with, 132, 181protected, accessibility of, 100- references to, binary file format requirements, 239
- signature, 177
- binary file format requirements, 240
throws clause, binary compatibility considerations, 256
- contains method
- of class
Hashtable, 637 - of class
Vector, 659
- containsKey method
- of class
Hashtable, 637
- context(s)
- See also inheritance; scope
- conversion, 52
- assignment, specification, 61
- casting, specification, 67
- method invocation, specification, 66
- string, specification, 67
- reclassification of contextually ambiguous names, 91
- role in determining the meaning of a name, 79, 89
- syntactic classification of a name according to, 90
- context-free grammars
- See grammars, context-free
- continue statement
- See also control flow
- definite assignment, 397
- as reason for abrupt completion, 264
- specification, 285
- contract
- See also binary, compatibility
- term definition, 241
- control flow
- See also completion; definite assignment; exceptions; expressions; statements; statements, unreachable; threads
- boolean expressions use for, 37
break statement, specification, 283continue statement, specification, 285- deadlock avoidance, multiple lock use for, 290
do statement, specification, 279for statement, specification, 280if statement, dangling else handling, 270if-then statement, specification, 273if-then-else statement, specification, 274- local variable declaration and
switch statement, 45 return statement, specification, 286switch statement, specification, 274synchronized statement, specification, 289throw statement, specification, 287try statement, specification, 290try-catch statement, specification, 291try-catch-finally statement, specification, 293while statement, specification, 277
- conventions
- naming, 106
- impact on name hiding, 84
- conversion
- See also casting; numbers; promotion
- casting, 67
- categories and contexts, 52
- (chapter), 51
- contexts
- assignment, specification, 61
- casting, specification, 67
- method invocation, specification, 66
- string, specification, 67
- forbidden, specification, 60
- identity
- in assignment conversion context, 61
- in casting conversion context, 67
- in method invocation conversion context, 66
- specification, 54
- conversion
- kinds of, 54
- in method invocations, 66
- narrowing
- primitive, 55
- in assignment conversion context, 61
- in casting conversion context, 67
- not allowed in method invocation conversion context, reasons for, 66
- reference, in casting conversion context, 67
- reference
- narrowing, 59
- specification, 59
- widening, 58
- specification, 58
- string, 67
- specification, 60
- term definition, 51
- term specification, 58
- widening
- primitive, 54
- in assignment conversion context, 61
- in binary numeric promotion context, 74
- in casting conversion context, 67
- in method invocation conversion context, 66
- in unary numeric promotion context, 73
- reference, 58
- in assignment conversion context, 61
- in casting conversion context, 67
- in method invocation conversion context, 66
- term specification, 58
- copyInto method
- of class
Vector, 659
- cos method
- of class
Math, 519
- count field
- of class
BufferedInputStream, 699 - of class
BufferedOutputStream, 732 - of class
ByteArrayInputStream, 689 - of class
ByteArrayOutputStream, 727 - of class
StringBufferInputStream, 692
- countObservers method
- of class
Observable, 643
- countStackFrames method
- of class
Thread, 598
- countTokens method
- of class
StringTokenizer, 653
C++, 1, 2, 6
- C++
Creamer, Henry, 595
- Creamer, Henry
- creation
- See also declaration; initialization
- array, 195, 38
- expression evaluation
- example, 318
- order, 316
- out-of-memory detection, example, 319
- instance, 38
- expression evaluation, 314
- order, 315
- expressions as statements, 272
- invocation of initializers for instance variables during, 229
- method dispatching during, 230
- specification and procedure, 228
- object, 38
- threads, 415
- Creatore, Luigi, 28
- currentClassLoader method
- of class
SecurityManager, 571
- currentThread method
- of class
Thread, 599
- currentTimeMillis method
- of class
System, 581
- cuspidor
- See spittoon
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Java Language Specification (HTML generated by Suzette Pelouch on February 24, 1998)
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